• Outline
• Introduction to Lubrication World and Tribology
• Early Pioneers of Lubrication
• Maintenance Strategies

• The Need for Lubrication – Microscopically Rough Surfaces
• The Mechanisms of Lubrication
• Importance of Viscosity for Film Thickness
• Lubricant Design Requirements
• What is a Lubricant
• Basestocks – Mineral & Synthetic
• Additives – What They Are and How They Function
• Comparison of Lubricants and Their Properties
• Common Applications of Synthetic Lubricants
• How to Select a Lubricant
• The Importance of Specifications
• Purchasing Lubricants – Tips and Strategies

• Monitoring Lubricant Condition
• Viscosity – Departure From Nominal Value Causes and Effects
• Oxidation
• Thermal Degradation
• Varnish Formation
• Nitration & Sulfation
• Acid and Base Number – What They Mean
• Oil Quality Bench Tests – Oxidation Tests, Foam, Emulsibility, Rust

• Types of Contamination
• Liquid Contamination
• Water Causes & Effects
• Tests for Water
• Storage Considerations
• Coolant Contamination
• Glycol Leaks – Causes and Effects
• Fuel Dilution
• Gas Contamination
• Entrained Air – Causes and Effects
• Cavitation
• Tests for Gas Contamination
• Solid Contamination
• Sources and Effects
• Testing for Solid Contamination
• Contamination Codes
• Filtration Fundamentals
• Filter Efficiency
• Lubricant Recycling and Reclamation

• Fundamentals of Wear Debris Generation
• Particle Sizes
• Monitoring for Wear Debris – Methods
• Spectroscopy – Principles
• Elements Tested for Wear Debris and Their Sources
• Detection Efficiency and Comparison of Techniques
• Rotrode Filter Spectroscopy and Doublecheck Technique
• Types of Wear Debris and Source Mechanisms
• Monitoring Wear Debris – Ferrography
• Direct Read Ferrography
• Analytical Ferrograph

• Results – Data Analysis, Interpretation and Trending
• Defining Alarms – Absolute and Statistical
• Rate of Change Methods
• Setting Alarms
• Combination Trends
• Root Cause Diagnostic Strategies

• Synergy of Oil Analysis with Other Reliability Technologies
• Requirements of a Successful Program
• Establishing Criticality – What to Monitor
• Working with a Laboratory
• How to Sample Correctly
• Selecting the Right Tests for the Application
• Taking Action
• Feedback and Proactive Maintenance
• Application Spotlights
• Turbines, Gears, Hydraulics, Engines, Compressors
• Cost Savings – Increasing Profits
• Case Studies

Daniel P. Walsh - Daniel P Walsh is currently General Manager for Bently Tribology Services, a machine condition-monitoring laboratory with facilities in Peabody, Massachusetts and Minden, Nevada. Prior to his current position, he was Laboratory Manager, a position he has served since 1993. Mr. Walsh graduated from University of Limerick, Ireland and Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts with a Bachelors Degree in Materials/Metallurgical Engineering. Prior to joining BTS, he worked at Pratt & Whitney Aircraft as a quality process engineer, specializing in non-destructive testing of gas turbine components. With Bently Tribology Services, he has worked in developing Rotrode Filter spectroscopy and the Doublecheck technique. He is a member of STLE (Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers), ASTM (American Society of Testing and Materials) and ASM (American Society of Materials). He has authored and presented technical papers to EPRI, The Vibration Institute, several leading maintenance publications and taught technology training seminars to several Fortune 500 companies.